Majestic Radio
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Majestic Radios was an American
radio Radio is the technology of signaling and communicating using radio waves. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves of frequency between 30  hertz (Hz) and 300  gigahertz (GHz). They are generated by an electronic device called a tr ...
brand from 1927 to 1955, trademarked as "The Mighty Monarchs of the Air". Noted for their high quality, they were initially manufactured by the Grigsby-Grunow Company of Chicago. After Grigsby-Grunow's demise in 1934 during the
Great Depression The Great Depression (19291939) was an economic shock that impacted most countries across the world. It was a period of economic depression that became evident after a major fall in stock prices in the United States. The economic contagio ...
, Majestic Radios continued to be made through subsequent corporate ownership changes and reorganizations for another twenty-two years. The Majestic Radio & Television Corporation was formed to produce the radios in the 1930s and 1940s. Following Majestic Radio & Television's liquidation in 1949, Majestic-brand radios were made by a division of the Wilcox-Gay Corporation at their Michigan factory in the 1950s.


Grigsby-Grunow years (1927–1934)


Formation and development

Before embarking on radio manufacturing, the Grigsby-Grunow Company had started in 1921 as the Grigsby-Grunow-Hinds Company in
Chicago (''City in a Garden''); I Will , image_map = , map_caption = Interactive Map of Chicago , coordinates = , coordinates_footnotes = , subdivision_type = List of sovereign states, Count ...
, making such
automotive aftermarket The automotive aftermarket is the secondary market of the automotive industry, concerned with the manufacturing, remanufacturing, distribution, retailing, and installation of all vehicle parts, chemicals, equipment, and accessories, ''after'' the ...
items as its "Premier" brand of sun visors. co-founded by Bertram James Grigsby and William Carl Grunow, an Army major in
World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...
. By 1927, the company had annual nationwide sales of $5 million in manufacturing products such as "Majestic"
battery eliminator A battery eliminator is a device powered by an electrical source other than a battery, which then converts the source to a suitable DC voltage that may be used by a second device designed to be powered by batteries. A battery eliminator does awa ...
s for home radios. The device, developed by inventor William Lear for Grigsby-Grunow, eliminated the need for a cumbersome array of lead-acid batteries and chargers to power radio receivers of the time. With the growing popularity of the new
commercial broadcasting Commercial broadcasting (also called private broadcasting) is the broadcasting of television programs and radio programming by privately owned corporate media, as opposed to state sponsorship. It was the United States′ first model of radio (a ...
radio medium and the development of nationwide networks in the prosperous 1920s, there was increasing consumer demand for better audio quality and console radios suitable for the living room or parlor of American households. In 1927, Grigsby-Grunow (by then, Hinds was no longer a part of the enterprise) began making "Majestic" radios featuring
dynamic speaker Dynamics (from Greek δυναμικός ''dynamikos'' "powerful", from δύναμις ''dynamis'' "power") or dynamic may refer to: Physics and engineering * Dynamics (mechanics) ** Aerodynamics, the study of the motion of air ** Analytical dynam ...
s with moving-coils and advanced circuitry employing
screen-grid tube A tetrode is a vacuum tube (called ''valve'' in British English) having four active electrodes. The four electrodes in order from the centre are: a thermionic cathode, first and second grids and a plate (called ''anode'' in British English). Th ...
s for improved reception. The Majestic Model #71 introduced in 1927, for example, was a
tuned radio frequency receiver A tuned radio frequency receiver (or TRF receiver) is a type of radio receiver that is composed of one or more tuned radio frequency (RF) amplifier stages followed by a detector (demodulator) circuit to extract the audio signal and usually an ...
with a speaker, powered from AC house current. This was a considerable improvement over previous radios having typically poor selectivity and producing inferior sound from old-fashioned horn speakers or earphones. Majestic radios were highly regarded for their handsome cabinetry and superior loudspeaker quality. Model #131, a floor console made in 1930, had an 8-tube circuit for high sensitivity and selectivity, along with a speaker.


The "Roaring Twenties"

To promote its radio sales, Grigsby-Grunow sponsored ''
The Majestic Theater of the Air ''The Majestic Theater of the Air'', also known as ''The Majestic Hour'', is an American musical radio program that aired on the CBS radio network between 1928–1932 on Sunday evenings. The series was produced and emcee'd by Wendell Hall and spo ...
'' musical show on the
CBS radio network CBS News Radio, formerly known as CBS Radio News and historically known as the CBS Radio Network, is a radio network that provides news to more than 1,000 radio stations throughout the United States. The network is owned by Paramount Global. ...
beginning in October, 1928. By 1928, the company enjoyed booming sales and had become the second largest U.S. radio manufacturer, behind
RCA The RCA Corporation was a major American electronics company, which was founded as the Radio Corporation of America in 1919. It was initially a patent trust owned by General Electric (GE), Westinghouse, AT&T Corporation and United Fruit Comp ...
and ahead of
Atwater-Kent Arthur Atwater Kent Sr. (December 3, 1873 – March 4, 1949) was an American inventor and prominent radio manufacturer based in Philadelphia. In 1921, he patented the modern form of the automobile ignition coil. Biography Arthur Kent was born ...
. Grigsby-Grunow was producing 4,000 radios a day and shipping them by the trainload nationwide, newspapers reported. Majestic's trademarked slogan was "The Mighty Monarch of the Air" and its advertising in 1930 touted a share of U.S. and Canada radio sales. Prices ranged from $126.50 to $235 in 1930 (equivalent to $1,890–$3,500 in 2020), with installment purchase plans offered by retail dealers. In a March, 1930, review, the ''
Charlotte Observer ''The Charlotte Observer'' is an American English-language newspaper serving Charlotte, North Carolina, and its metro area. The Observer was founded in 1886. As of 2020, it has the second-largest circulation of any newspaper in the Carolinas. I ...
'' said the Majestic brand was "famous the world over for its excellent reception and colorful tone", with "striking yet tasteful cabinet designs". Indeed, so highly regarded were the radios that '' Graf Zeppelin'' navigator
Max Pruss Max Pruss (13 September 1891 – 28 November 1960) was the commanding captain of the zeppelin LZ 129 Hindenburg, LZ 129 ''Hindenburg'' on its last voyage and a surviving crew member of the disaster. Biography Max Pruss was born in 1891 in Sgonn, E ...
purchased a set in 1929 while his dirigible was moored at
Lakehurst Naval Air Station Lakehurst Maxfield Field, formerly known as Naval Air Engineering Station Lakehurst (NAES Lakehurst), is the naval component of Joint Base McGuire–Dix–Lakehurst (JB MDL), a United States Air Force-managed joint base headquartered approximately ...
, to take back to his home in Germany. ''Graf Zeppelin'' captain
Hugo Eckener Hugo Eckener (10 August 1868 – 14 August 1954) Schwensen Thomas Adam. p. 289 ostsee.de was the manager of the Luftschiffbau Zeppelin during the inter-war years, and also the commander of the famous '' Graf Zeppelin'' for most of its record-set ...
had purchased his own set on a previous visit to the United States. At its peak in 1930, Grigsby-Grunow employed 11,000 workers at its
Chicago (''City in a Garden''); I Will , image_map = , map_caption = Interactive Map of Chicago , coordinates = , coordinates_footnotes = , subdivision_type = List of sovereign states, Count ...
factory and sales reached $61 million annually. Its stock price had reached dizzying heights and was called "the sensation of the Chicago Exchange" by ''
Time Time is the continued sequence of existence and event (philosophy), events that occurs in an apparently irreversible process, irreversible succession from the past, through the present, into the future. It is a component quantity of various me ...
'' magazine: a share purchased at $40 in 1928 had risen to $1,100 in value at its 1929 peak (taking into account multiple 4-for-1
stock split A stock split or stock divide increases the number of shares in a company. For example, after a 2-for-1 split, each investor will own double the number of shares, and each share will be worth half as much. A stock split causes a decrease of mark ...
s). Radio stocks as a new technology were particularly attractive in the rush to buy common stocks during the
Roaring Twenties The Roaring Twenties, sometimes stylized as Roaring '20s, refers to the 1920s decade in music and fashion, as it happened in Western society and Western culture. It was a period of economic prosperity with a distinctive cultural edge in th ...
. As
Thurman Arnold Thurman Wesley Arnold (June 2, 1891 – November 7, 1969) was an American lawyer best known for his trust-busting campaign as Assistant Attorney General in charge of the Antitrust Division in President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Department of Justic ...
wrote in 1965: "Economists argued that when you buy common stocks, you buy the future, not the present. Names like Auburn, Grigsby-Grunow, Kolster Radio – names you no longer hear of – flashed across the ticker tape".


The Depression years

After the
Wall Street Crash of 1929 The Wall Street Crash of 1929, also known as the Great Crash, was a major American stock market crash that occurred in the autumn of 1929. It started in September and ended late in October, when share prices on the New York Stock Exchange coll ...
, Grigsby-Grunow's stock began a steep decline, eventually down to $18 per share. In April, 1930, the company announced the formation of Majestic Household Utilities, a new subsidiary to manufacture refrigerators and other appliances, such as vacuum cleaners and washing machines, and deliveries of Majestic refrigerators began in October. A $9 million plant expansion was undertaken to produce 600 all-electric refrigerators daily. A company distributor said Majestic's refrigerators would have "several new mechanical features" to make them silent-running and more energy efficient that competing brands. Ominously, however, ''
Time Time is the continued sequence of existence and event (philosophy), events that occurs in an apparently irreversible process, irreversible succession from the past, through the present, into the future. It is a component quantity of various me ...
'' magazine was reporting on the unsold inventory of Majestic radios and decreasing company revenue by June, 1930, as consumers curtailed spending on luxury items, saying, "the radio industry is a ... sufferer in time of depression". As the
Great Depression The Great Depression (19291939) was an economic shock that impacted most countries across the world. It was a period of economic depression that became evident after a major fall in stock prices in the United States. The economic contagio ...
worsened, the company faced a number of patent infringement lawsuits and declining sales for its expensive console models. Grunow, notoriously irascible by nature, was forced out as president in 1931 as sales declined. He went on to start General Household Utilities in 1933 to manufacture Grunow refrigerators and radios, but it went out of business in 1939. The Majestic "Smart Set" line of less expensive, but stylish, table radios was introduced in mid-1933 and enjoyed strong sales. The model 161 ''(pictured at top)'' produced in 1933 was a
superheterodyne receiver A superheterodyne receiver, often shortened to superhet, is a type of radio receiver that uses frequency mixing to convert a received signal to a fixed intermediate frequency (IF) which can be more conveniently processed than the original car ...
with
Art Deco Art Deco, short for the French ''Arts Décoratifs'', and sometimes just called Deco, is a style of visual arts, architecture, and product design, that first appeared in France in the 1910s (just before World War I), and flourished in the Unit ...
-style chrome decorative trim adorning the loudspeaker grill cloth and a hand-rubbed mahogany cabinet, having a list price of $47.50. Nonetheless, Grigsby-Grunow declared bankruptcy in November, 1933, and ended production of Majestic Radios in February, 1934. When the bankruptcy court rejected its reorganization plan, Grigsby-Grunow was forced into liquidation in June, 1934, at the urging of creditors and bondholders. The bankruptcy court ordered the trustee to establish a Refrigeration Service Department to service Majestic refrigerators and sell parts, along with parts for Majestic radios.


Majestic Radio & Television years (1936–1949)

In 1936, the assets of the defunct Grigsby-Grunow company were acquired by a new investment group, led by
Zenith Radio Zenith Electronics, LLC, is an American research and development company that develops ATSC and digital rights management technologies. It is owned by the South Korean company LG Electronics. Zenith was previously an American brand of consumer el ...
. Included in the acquisition were the trademarks "Majestic Radio" and "The Mighty Monarch of the Air", along with unsold inventory, manufacturing equipment, and Grigsby-Grunow's former Chicago factory, which Zenith needed for its own expansion plans. The Majestic Radio & Television Corporation was formed, with stock in the new company offered at in October, 1936, to raise working capital and facilitate business expansion. Davega Stores became a principal stockholder, owning 175,000 shares. Early in his career, inventor
Otis Boykin Otis Frank Boykin (August 29, 1920March 26, 1982) was an American inventor and engineer. His inventions include electrical resistors used in computing, missile guidance, and Artificial cardiac pacemaker, pacemakers. Early life and education Ot ...
began working for the company as a laboratory assistant, eventually becoming plant foreman. Majestic Radio & Television submitted a voluntary reorganization plan after filing for bankruptcy on October 24, 1939. The company's plan to restructure its debt had the agreement of unsecured creditors, such as suppliers of
vacuum tube A vacuum tube, electron tube, valve (British usage), or tube (North America), is a device that controls electric current flow in a high vacuum between electrodes to which an electric potential difference has been applied. The type known as ...
s. The company stressed that business was strong and day-to-day operations would not be affected. During , the company performed defense work, employing noted crystallographer George Switzer to ensure that the
crystal oscillator A crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit that uses a piezoelectric crystal as a frequency-selective element. The oscillator frequency is often used to keep track of time, as in quartz wristwatches, to provide a stable clock ...
s in aircraft
transceiver In radio communication, a transceiver is an electronic device which is a combination of a radio ''trans''mitter and a re''ceiver'', hence the name. It can both transmit and receive radio waves using an antenna, for communication purposes. Thes ...
s were operating on the intended frequencies. Following the end of , the company optimistically invested $600,000 in a new, factory on in
Elgin, Illinois Elgin ( ) is a city in Cook and Kane counties in the northern part of the U.S. state of Illinois. Elgin is located northwest of Chicago, along the Fox River. As of the 2020 Census, the city had a population of 114,797, the seventh-larg ...
. Majestic's product line included colorful, futuristic tabletop sets, as well as combination radio and phonograph consoles with FM tuners, beginning in 1947. The company also formed a subsidiary,
Majestic Records Majestic Records was a mid-20th century record label based in New York City, incorporated in 1945 as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Majestic Radio & Television. The label enjoyed its greatest commercial success in the 1940s until expansion and supp ...
, to produce phonograph records, beginning in 1945. Its studios were in
New York City New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...
and the city's erstwhile mayor,
Jimmy Walker James John Walker (June 19, 1881November 18, 1946), known colloquially as Beau James, was mayor of New York City from 1926 to 1932. A flamboyant politician, he was a liberal Democrat and part of the powerful Tammany Hall machine. He was forced t ...
, was named president. Although Majestic Records had some popular artists on its label, such as
Bud Freeman Lawrence "Bud" Freeman (April 13, 1906 – March 15, 1991) was an American jazz musician, bandleader, and composer, known mainly for playing tenor saxophone, but also the clarinet. Biography In 1922, Freeman and some friends from high sc ...
and
Louis Prima Louis Leo Prima (December 7, 1910 – August 24, 1978) was an American singer, songwriter, bandleader, and trumpeter. While rooted in New Orleans jazz, swing music, and jump blues, Prima touched on various genres throughout his career: he forme ...
, it ceased pressing records in 1948 due to financial difficulties and its catalog was acquired by
Mercury Records Mercury Records is an American record label owned by Universal Music Group. It had significant success as an independent operation in the 1940s and 1950s. Smash Records and Fontana Records were sub labels of Mercury. In the United States, it is ...
. The expected postwar demand for radios did not materialize and the company was unable to develop its envisioned line of televisions, leading to the company again filing for bankruptcy in February, 1948, including its Majestic Records subsidiary. On May 27, 1949, the Federal bankruptcy court judge ordered the company's liquidation, as recommended by the trustees who concluded reorganization was not feasible. They attributed the company's failure to declining radio sales and price cutting, as well as the lack of success in television manufacturing. Pursuant to the court's order, the Elgin factory was sold at auction in November of that year, along with inventory, equipment, and goodwill.


Wilcox-Gay final years (1950s-1960s)

Leonard Ashbach, whose holding company owned Garod Radio Corporation, acquired the remaining assets of Majestic Radio & Television and a controlling share of stock in the Wilcox-Gay Corporation in 1950, with the intention of manufacturing Majestic radios and televisions at Wilcox-Gay's plant in
Charlotte, Michigan Charlotte ( ) is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 9,074. It is the county seat of Eaton County. Charlotte is in the central portion of the county, on the boundary between Eaton Township and C ...
(near
Lansing Lansing () is the capital of the U.S. state of Michigan. It is mostly in Ingham County, although portions of the city extend west into Eaton County and north into Clinton County. The 2020 census placed the city's population at 112,644, makin ...
). Wilcox-Gay, a manufacturer of recording equipment, phonographs, and televisions at the time, traced its origin to 1910, when Wilcox began making transcription equipment and radio kits. One of the company's products was the "Recordio", introduced in 1939. It enabled the consumer to make home 78 rpm phonograph records, even recording off-the-air radio programs with the included AM radio. In 1948, Wilcox-Gay introduced the "Recordette", a portable version of the combination recorder, radio, and phonograph. The company also made wire recorders in the 1940s which, like phonograph home recorders, were made obsolete by the development of reel-to-reel
magnetic tape Magnetic tape is a medium for magnetic storage made of a thin, magnetizable coating on a long, narrow strip of plastic film. It was developed in Germany in 1928, based on the earlier magnetic wire recording from Denmark. Devices that use magne ...
recorders and discontinued in the early 1950s. With the acquisition of Majestic Radio & TV approved by Wilcox-Gay's shareholders on August 22, 1950, manufacturing of Majestic brand radios and televisions began at the Charlotte, Michigan, factory. A line of eight Majestic radio models was offered, along with television sets. In August, 1954, Ashbach announced that Wilcox-Gay's Majestic radio and television subsidiary would begin importing
Grundig Grundig (; ) is a German consumer electronics manufacturer owned by the Turkish Arçelik A.Ş., the white goods (major appliance) manufacturer of Turkish conglomerate Koç Holding. The company made domestic appliances and personal-care produ ...
FM radios from Germany as well, including an AM-FM-shortwave table model, added to the firm's Majestic product line. The Grundig radios were distributed by the existing network of Majestic dealers. However, just five months later in January, 1955, Wilcox-Gay filed for bankruptcy and ended its money-losing television production, although radios were still manufactured. The bankrupt firm eventually closed its Michigan plant in December, 1958, ending domestic production of Majestic radios, although the firm continued to be the sole U.S. importer of Grundig products through 1961. In September, 1961, a proposed merger with Davega Stores was not consummated because Wilcox-Gay failed to meet the merger agreement's cash terms. As 1961 drew to a close in late December, Wilcox-Gay was again bankrupt and went out of business completely, with its property, equipment, and remaining inventory going on the auction block March 27–29, 1962.


As collectors' items

Majestic radios from the Grigsby-Grunow halcyon era of the late 1920s–early 1930s have become
antique radio An antique radio is a radio receiving set that is collectible because of its age and rarity. Types of antique radio Morse receivers The first radio receivers used a coherer and sounding board, and were only able to receive CW continuous wave (C ...
collectors' items, prized for their craftmanship and appearance. Some models, such as the
Art Deco Art Deco, short for the French ''Arts Décoratifs'', and sometimes just called Deco, is a style of visual arts, architecture, and product design, that first appeared in France in the 1910s (just before World War I), and flourished in the Unit ...
-styled model 161 produced in 1933, have been fully restored.


See also

*


References


External links

{{Commons category, Majestic radio receivers
Chicagology: Grigsby-Grunow
Consumer electronics brands Products introduced in 1927 Models of radios 1958 disestablishments in the United States